These include: non-audit services engagement leader and the audit engagement leader regarding a proposed ■ The Central Entity Service (‘CES’), which non-audit service, documents the analysis of any contains information about corporate entities potential independence threats created by the including all PwC audit clients and their related service and proposed safeguards (where deemed entities (including all public interest audit clients necessary), and acts as a record of the audit and SEC-restricted entities) as well as their partner’s conclusion on the permissibility of the related securities. CES assists in determining service the independence restriction status of clients of the member ifrm and those of other PwC ■ The Global Breaches Reporting System, which member ifrms before entering into a new non- is designed to be used to report any breaches of external auditor independence regulations audit service or business relationship. This (e.g. those set by regulation or professional system also feeds Independence Checkpoint and Authorisation for Services requirements) where the breach has cross- border implications (e.g. where a breach ■ ‘Independence Checkpoint’, which facilitates the occurs in one territory which affects an audit pre-clearance of publicly traded securities by relationship in another territory). All breaches all partners and managerial practice staff before reported are evaluated and addressed in line acquisition and is used to record their subsequent with the Code purchases and disposals. Where a PwC member ifrm wins a new audit client, this system ■ The Global Joint Business Relationship system, automatically informs those holding securities in which provides a standardised process and that client of the requirement to sell the security system for the assessment, approval and ongoing where required monitoring of joint business relationships ■ Automated Investment Recording (‘AIR’), which Each member ifrm also has a number of speciifc is a global PwC solution that simpliifes portfolio systems, which could include, for example, a rotation maintenance for PwC partners and staff in tracking system that monitors compliance with audit Independence Checkpoint by automating the rotation policies for engagement leaders and other recording of security transactions using direct daily key audit partners involved in an audit. feeds from participating brokers Independence training and conifrmations ■ Authorisation for Services (‘AFS’), which is a global Consultation by engagement teams on independence system that facilitates communication between a issues is embedded in the PwC culture. Teams are